IRC §528
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— Certain Homeowners Associations
Provides a special tax election for qualifying homeowners associations. HOAs meeting the 60% exempt function income test can elect to be taxed only on non-exempt function income.
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Statutory Text
Verified Aug 5, 2026 · OTHER
Quick search by citation: 26 U.S. Code § 528 - Certain homeowners associations (a) General rule A homeowners association (as defined in subsection (c)) shall be subject to taxation under this subtitle only to the extent provided in this section. A homeowners association shall be considered an organization exempt from income taxes for the purpose of any law which refers to organizations exempt from income taxes. (b) Tax imposed A tax is hereby imposed for each taxable year on the homeowners association taxable income of every homeowners association . Such tax shall be equal to 30 percent of the homeowners association taxable income (32 percent of such income in the case of a timeshare association) . (c) Homeowners association defined For purposes of this section— (1) Homeowners association The term “ homeowners association ” means an organization which is a condominium management association , a residential real estate management association , or a timeshare association if— (A) such organization is organized and operated to provide for the acquisition, construction, management, maintenance, and care of association property , (B) 60 percent or more of the gross income of such organization for the taxable year consists solely of amounts received as membership dues, fees, or assessments from— (i) owners of residential units in the case of a condominium management association , (ii) owners of residences or residential lots in the case of a residential real estate management association , or (iii) owners of timeshare rights to use, or timeshare ownership interests in, association property in the case of a timeshare association , (C) 90 percent or more of the expenditures of the organization for the taxable year are expenditures for the acquisition, construction, management, maintenance, and care of association property and, in the case of a timeshare association , for activities provided to or on behalf of members of the association, (D) no part of the net earnings of such organization inures (other than by acquiring, constructing, or providing management, maintenance, and care of association property , and other than by a rebate of excess membership dues, fees, or assessments) to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual, and (E) such organization elects (at such time and in such manner as the Secretary by regulations prescribes) to have this section apply for the taxable year. (2) Condominium management association The term “ condominium management association ” means any organization meeting the requirement of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) with respect to a condominium project substantially all of the units of which are used by individuals for residences. (3) Residential real estate management association The term “ residential real estate management association ” means any organization meeting the requirements of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) with respect to a subdivision, development, or similar area substantially all the lots or buildings of which may only be used by individuals for residences. (4) Timeshare association The term “ timeshare association ” means any organization (other than a condominium management association ) meeting the requirement …
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Financial
| Ref | Requirement |
|---|---|
| (a) | An HOA can elect special tax treatment that ignores assessments from members and only taxes non-member income (interest, certain rentals). The election is made annually on Form 1120-H. |
| (c)(1)(B) | To qualify for §528 treatment, at least 60% of the HOA's total income must come from owner assessments. An HOA with substantial commercial rental income may fail this test. |
| (c)(1)(C) | Nearly all HOA spending must go toward common area maintenance, improvements, management, and operations — not toward unrelated business activities. |
Implementing Regulations
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Legal references last verified August 5, 2026.
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